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The Swords of (Alexander III) King of Macedonia who succeeded his father, Philip II, very young, murdered in 336 BC. C. This had prepared him to reign, providing him with military experience and entrusting his intellectual training to Aristotle. Alexander the Great dedicated the first years of his reign to imposing his authority over the peoples subject to Macedonia, who had taken advantage of Philip's death to rebel. He launched his army against the powerful and extensive Persian Empire, thus continuing the company that his father had started shortly before his death.
Alexander victoriously toured Asia Minor (battle of Granicus, 334), Syria (Issos, 333), Phenicia (siege of Tyre, 332), Egypt and Mesopotamia (Gaugamela, 331), until he took the Persian capitals of Susa (331) and Persepolis (330). After Darius III, the last Achaemenid emperor, was assassinated by one of his satraps (Bessos) to prevent him from surrendering, he continued the resistance against Alexander in eastern Iran. The following image shows the Falcata type Sword that Alexander the Great used in his battles.
Once the Persian capital was conquered, Alexander discharged the Greek troops that had accompanied him during the campaign and had himself proclaimed emperor, taking the place of the Achaemenids. He immediately launched new campaigns of conquest towards the east: he defeated and killed Bessos and subdued Parthia, Aria, Drangiana, Arachosia, Bactria and Sogdiana. Owner of Central Asia and current Afghanistan, he set out to conquer India (327-325), already harboring a project of world domination. Although he incorporated the western part of India (vassalage of King Poros), he had to give up continuing to advance towards the east due to the mutiny of his troops, exhausted by such a long succession of conquests and battles.
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Alexander's early death at the age of 33, a victim of malaria, prevented him from consolidating the empire he had created and relaunching his conquests. The empire did not survive the death of its creator. Succession struggles broke out in which Alexander's wives and children died, until the empire was divided among his generals (the diádochos): Seleucus, Ptolemy, Antigonus, Lysimachus and Cassander.
The resulting states were the so-called Hellenistic kingdoms, which maintained during the following centuries Alexander's ideal of transferring Greek culture to the East, while imperceptibly allowing Eastern cultures to penetrate the Mediterranean.
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